Virtu Financial interview questions

How Virtu Financial's process runs, as candidates and the firm describe it, and the questions candidates report, each with a worked solution. Free, no sign-up.

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How Virtu Financial interviews

Sources: Glassdoor: Virtu quantitative trader

Questions (5)

Try each one before opening the solution. Interviewers change the numbers, so learn the method.

Trader · Interview · Behavioural · reported by a candidate

Behavioural questions candidates report:

Answer one out loud, as you would in the interview.

Model answer

Use a short story: the situation in one sentence, what you did (not the team), the result with a number if you have one, and what you'd do differently. Aim for about two minutes.

On the business: an electronic market maker across many asset classes earns small spreads on very large volumes, so technology, risk limits and cost control matter as much as prediction.

Source: Glassdoor · Try it in the app →

Quant Trader · Interview · Logic · reported by a candidate

An analogue clock's hour and minute hands move continuously.

Reported only as "hour hand and minute hand" brainteasers. These are the usual versions.

  1. (a) How many times do the hands point the same way in 24 hours?
    Answer and worked solution

    Answer: 22

    Key idea. Use relative speed: the minute hand gains 330° an hour on the hour hand.

    1. Minute hand: 360°/h; hour hand: 30°/h. Relative speed 330°/h.
    2. They coincide every 360/330 = 12/11 hours.
    3. In 24 hours: 24 ÷ (12/11) = 22 times.

    Check. Not 24: there's no separate overlap between 11 and 1, because it happens at 12.

    Trap. Answering 24 (one per hour).

  2. (b) What is the angle between the hands at 3:15, in degrees?
    Answer and worked solution

    Answer: 7.5

    Key idea. Find each hand's angle from 12 o'clock.

    1. Minute hand at 15 minutes: 90°.
    2. Hour hand: 3 × 30° + 15 × 0.5° = 97.5° (it moves 0.5° a minute).
    3. Difference: 7.5°.

    Trap. Answering 0°, forgetting that the hour hand has moved.

Source: Glassdoor · Try it in the app →

Quant Trader · Interview · Logic · reported by a candidate

100 doors start closed. Person 1 toggles every door, person 2 every 2nd door, person 3 every 3rd, and so on up to person 100.

Reported by name only; this is the standard version.

  1. How many doors are open at the end?
    Answer and worked solution

    Answer: 10

    Key idea. A door is toggled once per divisor of its number, and ends open if that count is odd.

    1. Divisors pair up (k and d/k), except when k = d/k, i.e. d is a perfect square.
    2. So only perfect squares have an odd number of divisors.
    3. Squares up to 100: 1, 4, …, 100, giving 10 open doors.

    Check. Check door 12: toggled by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, six times, so closed.

Source: Glassdoor · Try it in the app →

Operations · Interview · Expected value · reported by a candidate

Two quick questions reported from Virtu interviews.

  1. (a) How many flips of a fair coin do you need on average to get two heads in a row?
    Answer and worked solution

    Answer: 6

    Key idea. Two states: no progress, or one head.

    1. E₁ = 1 + ½E₀ (a tail sends you back).
    2. E₀ = 1 + ½E₁ + ½E₀, so E₀ = 2 + E₁.
    3. E₀ = 2 + 1 + ½E₀, so E₀ = 6.

    Check. Shortcut: 2 + 2² = 6; three in a row would be 2 + 4 + 8 = 14.

  2. (b) Every edge of a cube doubles in length. By what factor does its volume grow?
    Answer and worked solution

    Answer: 8

    Key idea. Volume scales with the cube of length.

    1. (2a)³ = 8a³: 8 times bigger.

    Check. Area would grow 4 times.

Source: Wall Street Oasis: Virtu Financial interview reports · Try it in the app →

Quant intern · Interview · Statistics · reported by a candidate

Give an example of two random variables that are dependent but uncorrelated.

Also reported by a Two Sigma quant research intern.

Model answer

Take X uniform on [−1, 1] (or standard normal) and Y = X². Y is completely determined by X, so they're dependent. But Cov(X, Y) = E[X³] − E[X]E[X²] = 0 − 0 = 0, because X is symmetric around 0. Correlation only measures linear dependence; Y = X² is a perfect but non-linear relationship. Say this before giving the example: interviewers want to hear that zero correlation doesn't imply independence (except for jointly normal variables).

Source: Wall Street Oasis: Virtu Financial interview reports · Try it in the app →

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